论有机氮磷在湖泊水环境中的作用和重要性

Effects and significance of organic nitrogen and phosphorous in the lake aquatic environment

长期以来,国内外学者对湖泊中氮磷等营养物质及其循环开展了大量研究,在其污染过程、控制和管理等方面取得了许多重要进展。然而,现有研究主要集中在总氮、总磷和无机氮磷等方面,对有机氮磷的来源、循环及生物和生态学效应的研究相对缺乏。近期研究显示:有机氮磷是湖泊水体和沉积物中的重要组分,可以通过酶解和微生物活动转化成生物可利用性营养盐,在湖泊生态系统中起着十分重要的作用。本文简要分析了有机氮磷已有的研究进展,论述了有机氮磷在湖泊水环境研究中的重要性、研究难点、主要技术突破及存在的科学问题,指出有机氮磷研究将有助于加深目前对水生态系统和富营养化机理的认识,并对水质标准制定、环境质量评价、污染控制和生态修复具有十分重要的价值。研究表明:在各种无机氮磷研究的基础上,开展各种有机氮磷等营养组分的时空分布特征、在主要界面的迁移转化及其生物有效性研究,揭示有机氮磷与湖泊生命过程的耦合关系,完善氮磷循环理论,将是未来该领域的主要研究方向。

Domestic and foreign scholars develop a lot of researches on the nutrient substances and their circulation for a long time, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and make much progresses on its pollution processes, control and management. The researches are focusing on the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and inorganic nitrogen-phosphorus at present, while little research work about the sources and cycle of organic nitrogen-phosphorous, and its ecological effects has been done. Recent study shows that organic nitrogen and phosphorous is an important component in the lake water environment and sediments, and it can transfer into bin-available nutrient by enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial activity. This behavior plays an important role in the lake ecosystem. In this paper, we analyze on the research progresses of organic nitrogen-phosphorous, and discusses on its significance, research difficulties, main technology breaks and the existing scientific issues in the lake water environment study. It is pointed oat that the study on organic nitrogen and phosphorous can contribute to the study of aquatic ecosystem and eutrophication mechanism, and it has great value on the research of developing water quality standard, environmental quality assessment, pollution control and ecological restoration. The results show that on the basis of inorganic nitrogen-phosphorous study, the main research trend in this field in the future should focuses on the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics, main interfacial migration and transformation and its bioavailability of the nutrition component, such as organic nitrogen and phosphorous, and also focuses on the revealing the coupling relationship between the organic nitrogen-phosphorous and the life process of lake, and improving the nitrogen-phosphorous theory.