北方栽培金桔快速结果技术研究

The Speeding Fruiting Technique of the Planted Fortunella margarita(Lour.)Swingle in North China

选择地径0.7～1.0 cm的枳(Poncirus trifoliata(L.)Raf.)苗作砧木,在4月11—25日之间用单芽切接的方法,可使金桔嫁接成活率达到94.92%.嫁接后及时抹芽,并多次摘心,加强肥水管理,使金桔快速成形.7月中下旬时,选择12个头以上的植株在夏梢停止生长起挖装盆.起苗时尽可能伤根不断根,盆土选用"坑塘土加草炭(体积比7∶3)",上盆后前7 d保持水分充足,以后按"见干见湿"的原则浇水,同时注意追施复合肥.用调节夏梢适期萌发和控水的办法来促花,用摇花、降温、疏花疏果和除芽等措施来保果,可以使金桔在北方实现当年嫁接、当年上盆、当年开花、当年结果的"四当"目标,使金桔冠径平均达到35 cm以上,每盆结果30个以上.

The survival rate of Fortunella margarita（Lour.）Swingle after graft is up to 94.92% by means of cuting graft of single bud and taking the seedling of Poncirus trifoliata（L.）Raf. Which＇s base diameter in 0.7-1.0 cm as the rootstock in April 11 to 25. The shape of the Fortunella margarita （Lour.）Swingle will be formed by mmediately breaking off buds after graft, topping many times and under good management of water and fertilizer. The plantlets which have 12 branches were digged out and put into pots in July 11-30 when the branch tips halt growth. The plantlet＇s roots would not be wounded or broken when digging it out. The pond soil mixed with peat （7：3 in volume） would be selected to use as pot soil. The water would be kept abundant in the following 7 days, the soil would be kept wet all the timea and the compound fertilizer would be topdressed carefully at the same time. The methods to adjust branch＇s germinate and to control water would be used to speed flowering. The ways to shake flower, to lower temperature, to scatter flower and fruit and to remove buds would be taken to speed fruiting. The result showed that the plant of Fortunella margarita （Lour.）Swingle would be grafted,put into pot,produce flower and fruit in the same year by use the above techniques. It＇s crown would be up to 35 cm and produce more than 30 fruits every plant.