企业积极环境行为的层次及其政策设计

Hierarchy on Positive Environmental Behavior of Enterprise and the Policy

企业积极的环境行为是我国建设生态文明社会的重要着力点,使企业成为积极的环境行为主体是环境政策的重要目标。由于企业在环境治理中存在达到企业最优污染控制水平、社会最优污染控制水平及污染完全控制三个目标层次的选择,企业在不同的污染控制目标层次上,其行为是有差异的。本文针对企业不同的污染控制目标层次,提出企业积极环境行为存在循环经济、利益调配、非此即彼三个行为层次的选择。每一个行为层次和相关的目标层次相对应。不同层次的环境行为,其行为动力和政策要求是有差别的。本文指出,从循环经济层次到利益调配层次、再到非此即彼层次,企业积极环境行为的动力是逐步递减的,并针对这一特征分别设计了相关的环境经济政策,以促进企业积极的环境行为。

Positive environmental behavior of enterprises is important to construct ecological civilization society. Enterprise having positive environmental behavior is the aim of environmental policy. Because the enterprises have three hierarchical objectives in the choice in the environmental governance, namely： the optimal level of pollution control of enterprises, the optimal level of pollution control of society and complete pollution control. Environmental behavior of enterprises differs in eaeh hierarchical objective. Enterprises have three hierarehal behaviors in a positive environmental behavior, namely： the eircular economy and the distribution of interests, and alternative ehoice, i. e. enterprises choosing either to controlpollution, protect environment or to pursue economic profit, the latter choice leading to punishment from govermnents or even closing down of enterprises. Every hierarchal behavior corresponds with related hierarchical objective. Hierarchical environmental behavior differs in the driving force of behavior and policy requirements. This article pointed out that the environmental behavior of enterprises is driven by gradual decrease from the hierarchy of circular eeonomy to the hierarchy of distribution of interests, and then to the hierarchy of alternative choice. And authors designed the relevant environmental and economic policies to make environmental behavior of enterprises positive.