铬盐职业接触对T细胞部分免疫功能的影响

The effects of occupational soluble chromate exposure on immunological function of T-cell

目的了解铬盐对职业接触者体内免疫指标变化的影响。方法115名不同浓度铬盐接触工人为接触组，以远离铬盐污染区的90名居民为对照组。采用原子吸收分光光度法测定研究对象作业环境铬盐浓度；采用荧光标记流式细胞分析法测定研究对象外周血中T细胞CD3^＋、CD3^＋CD4^＋、CD3^＋CD8^＋及CIM^＋／CD8^＋水平。结果接触组空气中铬盐个体环境暴露浓度为（27．51±33．25）μg／m^3，对照组浓度为（0．16±0．15）μg／m^3，两组比较差异有统计学意义（z=8．045，P〈0．01）。铬盐接触组人群CD3^＋、CD3^＋CD4^＋、CD3^＋CD8^＋及CD4^＋／CD8^＋平均水平分别为：（30．08±17．75）％、（1．04±1．73）％、（11．94±9．78）％、0．10±0．14；对照组为：（63．00±13．57）％、（30．51±5．16）％、（14．82±4．59）％、2．17±0．53。两组比较，对照组高于接触组，差异有统计学意义（z值分别为：4．484、5．227、1．976、-5．218，P值均〈0．05）。结论在铬盐个体环境暴露评价基础上，铬盐接触者以T细胞为主的细胞免疫功能受到抑制，而CD3^＋CD4^＋有望作为铬盐接触免疫损伤的早期效应性生物标志物，值得进行更深入研究。

Objective To investigate the early changes of some immunological function of T-cell in chromate workers. Methods A total of 115 workers exposed to different levels of soluble chromate were enrolled in exposed group; while 90 non-exposure workers who lived far away from the chromate plant were enrolled as control. The air concentration of soluble chromate was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. CD3^± , CD3^± CD4^± , CD3^± CD8^± and CD4^±/CD8^± of T-cell were determined by flow cytometry analysis. Results The individual air chromate concentration in the exposed group was （27.51 ± 33.25）μg/m^3 ,and the control group was （0. 16 ±0. 15）μg/m^3. The significant difference between the two groups was observed （z = 8. 045, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The levels of the lymphocyte subsets （ CD3^± , CD3^± CD4^± , CD3^± CD8^± and CD4^±/CD8^±） in exposed group were （ 30. 08 ± 17.75 ） %, （ 1.04 ± 1.73 ） %, （ 11.94 ± 9. 78） % ,0. 10 ± 0. 14. While, those of control group were （ 63.00 ± 13.57 ）%, （ 30. 51 ± 5.16 ） %, （ 14. 82 ± 4. 59）% ,2. 17 ± 0. 53, higher than that of the exposed group （z values were 4. 484,5. 227,1. 976, - 5. 218, respectively, P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion On the basis of individual air monitoring, the cellular immune function affected by soluble chromate is mainly based on T lymphocyte inhibition. The indicators CD3^±CD4^± mentioned above may be considered as efficient biomarkers in further research.