硼-磷-氮协效膨胀型阻燃剂的合成与性能研究

Study on Synthesis and Performance of Intumescent Flame Retardant with B-P-N Synergistic Effect

以三聚氰胺(MEL)、磷酸(PA)、硼酸(BA)等为原料,合成了三聚氰胺磷酸盐(MP)和三聚氰胺硼酸盐(MB)中间体,以及三聚氰胺磷酸硼酸盐(MPB)硼-磷-氮协效"三位一体"膨胀型阻燃剂,用红外光谱和元素分析等方法对合成产物的结构和组成进行了表征,确定了阻燃剂合成的最佳条件。探讨了MPB的元素组成对MPB阻燃环氧树脂复合材料氧指数的影响,以及MPB的协同阻燃机理。结果表明:合成MP时,三聚氰胺和磷酸的最佳摩尔比为1:0.5;合成MB时,三聚氰胺和硼酸的最佳摩尔比为10:1;合成MPB-1(以MP为中间体)的最佳质量比为w(MP):w(BA)=3:1;合成MPB-2(以MB为中间体)的最佳质量比为w(MB):w(PA)=0.92:1。MPB-2对环氧树脂的阻燃性能优于MPB-1,这是由于MPB-2中元素组成均衡,使得B-P-N协效作用明显。

Taking melamine（MEL）,phosphorous acid（PA）,boric acid（BA）,and etc.,as raw material,the intermediates of melamine phosphate（MP） and melamine borate（MB）,and trinity intumescent flame retardants of melamine phosphate borate（MPB） were synthesized.The structure and composition of the synthesized products were characterized by FTIR and element analysis.The optimum synthesizing conditions of the flame retardants were confirmed.The effect of MPB element composition on OI of MPB/epoxy resin composite was discussed,and the synergistic flame retarding mechanism of MPB was also analyzed.The results show that：n（MEL）：n（PA）= 1：0.5 is the optimum ratio for the synthesis of MP;n（MEL）：n（BA）= 10：1 is the optimum ratio for the synthesis of MB;w（MP）：w（BA）= 3：1 is the optimum ratio for the synthesis of MPB-1（taking MP as intermediate）;w（MB）：w（PA）= 0.92：1 is the optimum ratio for the synthesis of MPB-2（taking MB as intermediate）.The flame retardance of MPB-2 is better than that of MPB-1 for epoxy resin,it is because the reasonable element composition of MPB-2,which exhibits obvious B-N-P synergistic effect.