中国海相油气勘探若干重大科学问题

Some important scientific problems on petroleum exploration in marine formations of China.

中国覆盖区海相地层（以古生界为主）勘探多年，勘探发现与预期结果差距甚大，认为主要原因是我国石油地质家对海相油气富集及分布规律的认识甚少。我国海相盆地与国外富油气海相盆地差异显著：①时代老；②有机质丰度低；③有机质热演化程度高；④勘探目的层埋藏深；⑤油气藏保存条件差。必须开展多学科联合研究，从新的角度加快研究３个基础理论问题：①成盆理论，要进行地球动力学和盆地沉积建造类型、地层样式及地层成岩事件研究；②成烃理论，要进行古生物学、古海洋学、古环境化学、沉积学、有机岩石学、有机地球化学和物理化学研究，研究不能受干酪根热降解成烃学说的束缚，有可能提出更适于我国古生代海相盆地的新成烃理论；③成藏理论，要揭示以碳酸盐岩为主的地质体中的油气运移问题，建立油气充注成藏过程的物理化学场模型，并以动态平衡观点建立油气藏调整模型。（王孝陵摘）

Explorations in marine strata (mainly in the Paleozoic strata) have been conducted for many years in China. Comparing with the expecting results, we have a long way to go in the exploration. The major reasons, for that , the authors believe, are most Chinese petroleum geologists being lack of clear understanding of petroleum enrichment and distribution patterns in marine facies of China. There are some big differences between China's marine basins and the petroleum rich marine basins in the other part of the world: Old age, low organic abundance, high thermal evolution, deep burial of target stratum and the poorly preserved condition of the pools are the characteristics of the marine facies strata in China. To achieve a good exploration results, multi discipline researches on three basic theoretical problems must be conducted in an new angle. The problems include: ①Basin forming theory which is related to the researches of earth dynamics, basin deposition and buildup types, stratum styles and diagenetic events. ②Hydrocarbon forming theory including studies on paleontology, palaeo oceanography, palaeo environmental chemistry, sedimentology, organic lithology, organic geochemistry and physical chemistry. The researches should not be fettered by the classic kerogen thermal degradation theory, and only in this way could some new concepts of hydrocarbon forming theory, which are suited to Paleozoic marine basin in China, be put forward. ③Pool forming theory which should reveal the problem of petroleum migration in carbonate dominated geological body, establishing the physico chemistry field pattern in pool forming process of oil and gas charging and pouring, and forming petroleum adjusting pattern in dynamic equilibrium view.