表面活性剂复配在三次采油中的应用

Application of Combined Surfactant in Tertiary Oil Recovery

表面活性剂是制约三次采油技术发展的关键因素。将油水界面张力降低到10-3mN/m数量级、在岩石上吸附量小、与电解质和聚合物配伍性好、热稳定性和水溶液的化学稳定性好、成本低,是高效驱油用表面活性剂的发展方向。不同表面活性剂复配可产生协同增效作用,可提高表面活性剂体系的性能和对不同油水条件的适应性,降低表面活性剂用量和成本,提高复合驱的经济性。表面活性剂复配时应注意:①阳离子表面活性剂易与带负电的油层和聚丙烯酰胺等聚合物发生电中和作用,而造成吸附损失和沉淀损失,因此阳离子表面活性剂的选择和使用应慎重;②避免复配体系中各表面活性剂在应用中出现色谱分离;③同类表面活性剂复配协同效应小,但可弥补单一表面活性剂性能的不足。适合弱碱和无碱的表面活性剂复配体系以及生物表面活性剂是未来表面活性剂复配技术的研发方向。

Surfactant is a key factor of controlling the advance of the tertiary oil recovery.High-efficiency surfactant used for oil displacement should be：10-3mN/m of oil/water interracial tension ,low rock absorbance, good match with electrolyte and polymer,good thermal stability and chemical stability of water solution and low cost.Combination of various surfactants can have the synergistic action.The performance of the surfactant system can be improved,which is suitable for different oil/water conditions.The lower quantity and cost of the surfactant will enhance the economy of the combination flooding.During the combination of the surfactant there are three points should be paid attention.First,cationics are easy to have electrical neutralization func- tion with negative charged reservoirs and HPAM and other polymers ,which will result in adsorption loss and precipitation loss,so the selection and use of the cationics should be careful.Second ,c tion should be avoided in the application of various surfactants in the combination system.Third,the same type of surfactants makes little combination synergistic action ,but it can remedy a defect of single surfactant. The future surfactant combination technology should be the system suitable for weak base and base free ,and biosufactant.