六朝目录学新变对文体辨析的消极影响——以“文笔说”为例

Negative Effect of the Four-Branch Classification on Literature Style Analysis during Six-Dynasties:Focusing on "Wen Bi" Theory

六朝时期四部分类法的逐步确立,对于文学发展而言其影响并非全然是积极的,将文体辨析限制在集部内部进行,反不能产生较为纯粹的文学观念。以当时最能体现文学独立意向的文笔说为例,文笔之分自始即在四部分类的前提下进行,但到了南朝时期,随着文学批评的不断深入,文笔论者开始本于自己的文学观念而此一前提有所突破,但终未能完全舍弃。二者间的矛盾,使得各家的文笔理论均不能贯彻到底,从而无法产生更为纯粹的文学观念。四部分类对文笔说存在此种影响的原因,是两汉以降文集创作的繁盛所导致的四部分类取代《七略》分类这一过程与文体辨析发展之间的同步性,而此种影响何以是消极的,则在于早期四部分类法实用色彩之浓重。

The literature style analysis during the Six-Dynasties usually presupposed the Four-Branch Classification, which marked the independence of literature. However, the practical nature of Four-Branch Classification made the formation of the concept of pure literature difficult. ＂Wen Bi＂ theory, typical sign of pursuing the independence of literature, largely coincided with that of the Four-Branch Classification, and it strictly abided by the principles of the Four-Branch Classification at its early stage. But as the study on literature＇ s inherent laws continued, the writers in Southern Dynasty made breakthroughs in the presumption of the Four-Branch Classification possibly due to their concept of literature, though it never got rid of the influence of the Four-Branch Classification.