六盘山东西两侧苹果物候期对气候变化的响应

Responses of apple tree’s phonology in east and west sides of Liupanshan Mountain to climate change

利用六盘山东西两侧甘肃平凉市的崆峒、静宁站1971—2008年气温资料及1987—2008年在崆峒所设苹果观测点物候观测资料,分析了气候变化对苹果物候期的影响。结果表明：在全球气候变暖的背景下,甘肃平凉自1971年以来,气温呈现出明显的线性上升趋势,且以冬季和春季增温为主,气温稳定通过≥10℃的积温增加;受此影响,苹果叶芽开放、展叶、开花等成熟前的发育期提前14~18d,且六盘山东侧春季的苹果物候期提前的变化速率明显大于西侧;气候变暖增加了果树春季开花受冻的危险,通过苹果与霜冻灾害的相关分析,结果得到临界值：在4月11—20日、4月21—30日及5月1—10日苹果开花期,地面最低温度≤-2.0℃,且连续≥2d时,苹果受冻面积分别达到80%、90%和100%。

Based on the 1971-2008 temperature data from Kongtong and Jingning meteorological stations and the 1987- 2008 phenological data from Kongtong station, the effects of climate change on apple tree＇ s phenophase in east and west sides of Liupanshan Mountain were analyzed. Since 1971, the air temperature in Pingliang of Gansu increased obviously with a linear trend, mainly in winter and spring, under the background of global warming. The accumulated temperature of ≥ 10℃ increased too. Under the effects of temperature increase, the apple tree＇s budburst, leaf-developing, and flowering stages advanced 14-18 days, and the advancement of the phenophases in spring was greater in the east side than in the west side of Liupanshan Mountain. Climate change increased the freeze damage of apple tree＇ s florescence in spring. The threshold values were obtained by analyzing the correlations between apple tree ＇ s growth and frost disaster. When the minimum ground temperature during April 11-20, April 21-30, and May 1- 10 was ≤ -2. 0 ℃ and its duration was ≥2 days, the frozen area of apple trees achieved 80%, 90% and 100%, respectively.