神农架川金丝猴冬春季节食性分析

Feeding habits of Rhinopithecus roxellana in Shennongjia Nature Reserve of China in winter and spring

采用样方调查法和粪便显微组织学分析法研究了冬季和春季神农架地区川金丝猴的食性。结果表明:川金丝猴冬季取食的植物有7科9属15种,以蔷薇科、松萝科、松科和木樨科为主,春季取食的植物有25科37属48种,以蔷薇科、松萝科、四照花科、卫矛科、樟科、桦木科和木樨科为主;春季食物组成与食源植物相对高度、相对频度呈显著正相关,与相对生物量、相对丰富度呈极显著正相关;冬季食物组成与相对生物量呈显著正相关,与相对高度和相对丰富度呈正相关,与相对频度呈负相关,但相关性差异均不显著;神农架川金丝猴的食物组成中,松萝类植物所占比例冬季(16.51%)明显高于春季(5.69%),说明这类植物只是冬季食物较缺乏时的一种补救,并非是它们的主要食物。

By using quadrat investigation and micro-histological analysis of feces, the feeding habits of Rhinopithecus roxellana in Qianjiaping of Shennongjia Nature Reserve in winter and spring were studied. In winter, the plants fed by R. roxellana included 15 species, belonging to 7 families and 9 genera, mainly Rosaceae, Usneaeeae, Pinaceae, and Oleaceae; and in spring, the fed plants were comprised of 48 species, belonging to 25 families and 37 genera, mainly Rosaceae, Usneaceae, Cornaceae, Celastraeeae, Lauraceae, Betulaceae, and Oleaceae. The food composition of R. roxellana in spring had significant positive correlations with the relative height, relative biomass, and relative richness and frequency of fed plants, and that in winter showed significant positive correlation with the relative biomass of the plants. Among the food composition of R. roxellana, the proportion of Usneaceae was higher in winter that in spring, being 16. 51% and 5.69%, respectively, suggesting that Usneaceae was only a remediation for food deficiency, but not the main feeding plant of R. roxellana in winter.