经济人假设的功利主义渊源:内在逻辑关系

The Utilitarianism of the Assumption of Economic Man: Inherent Logic Relation

尽管现代经济学的核心假设——经济人是一个追求私利最大化的抽象个体,但这一概念却源于功利主义哲学;功利主义的原初出发点是从社会角度追求"最大多数人的最大利益","自利"仅仅是实现"社会利益最大化"这一目标的手段。然而,随着"无形的手"的流行导致了功利主义的蜕化,结果,行为功利主义逐渐排斥了"社会利益最大化"这一目的而片面强调"自利"这一手段;最后,"自利"手段也蜕变为"目的",从而导致了"自利人"也为"经济人"所代替。

Economic man in modem economics is come from utilitarianism philosophy although it is an abstract about individual pursuing self-interest maximization. What＇s more, the original goal is to achieve most persons＇ most interest from the view of society, and ＂self-benefiting＂ is just a means to realize its social goal： maximizing of social interest. However, as the ＂invisible hand＂ deteriorated the utilitarianism, act-utilitarianism excludes the goal of ＂maximizing social interest＂ and pay more attention on the means of ＂self-benefiting＂ step by step. In the end, the means of ＂self-benefiting＂ metamorphoses the goal, which leads to ＂self-regard man＂ is replaced by ＂economic man＂.