矿区土地复垦与生态产业链总体规划设计

Planning of Land Reclamation and Design of Ecological Industrial Chains in Mining Area

循环经济与可持续发展理念指导下的平朔煤矿区生态恢复与重建,有2条相互依存的生态产业链:一是以煤为主,电、化、氧化铝、建材并举的黑色产业链;二是围绕复垦土地开展生态重建,种、养、加一体化发展的绿色生态产业链。这2条生态产业链构成了平朔矿区生态系统功能的多样性,它既不同于自然生态系统,也不同于典型工业园区,是集自然生态系统、受损生态系统与恢复生态系统为一体,涉及农业用地、工业用地的复合生态系统。根据矿区土地利用现状、生态系统多样性与完整性等指标的相似性与变异性,将平朔矿区划分为农业综合利用区、工业生态园区、恢复生态保护区、旅游观光区、生态重建区与待开采区6个一级生态功能区及22个二级生态功能区。对矿区土地、水、生物等生态资源进行了系统的调查和评价,设计了复垦土地生态系统种、养、加为一体的生态产业链,提出了培训一批服务于矿区土地复垦与生态产业实施管理的专业技术队伍的建议。

Ecological restoration in Pingshuo Coal Mine is under the guidance of two concepts-circular economy and sus- tainable development. There are two interdependent ecological industrial chains for the development of Pingshuo： one is the black industry chain ,with the coal as the main product and the electricity, alumina materials are the rest; the other is the green ecological chain, based on land reclamation and ecological reconstruction to develop planting, culture and processing industry. These two e- cological industry chains increased the diversity of ecosystems and ecological functions of Pingshuo mine. So, the ecosystem is not only different from natural ecosystems, but also the typical industrial park, it is a combination of natural ecosystems, damaged e- cosystems and restoration ecosystems, and is related to the agricultural land and the industrial land. Based on the mining land use, the similarity and variability of biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, and other indicators, Pingshuo mine area is divided into 6 ecologi- cal function zones and 22 secondary ecological function zones. These 6 ecological function zones arc as follows： comprehensive a- gricuhural areas, ecological industrial park and protection zone of restoration ecosystem, tourism zone, ecosystem restoration area, and the area would-be exploited. At the mean time, the following contents are studied which is related to eco-industry and mining： （1）More than 10 kinds of project techniques adopted in Pingshuo mine in the past 20 years are reviewed and evaluated; （2）Key technologies of ＂mining - transport - stacking- soil construction- reclamation - management＂ as the support system are integrat- ed; （3）How to predict land reclamation investment are analyzed; （4）The land reclamation standards in Pingshuo mine are drawn up; （5）Programs to protect, improve and reuse reclamation lands are developed; （6）Database of resources about Antaibao and Anjialing mine are constructed; （7）Virtual reality systems about the reclamation lands and ecosystems are constructed; （8）How to fertilize and improve soil by green pasting, weathered coal, humic acid-fertilizer, biogas are studied; （9）Biological resources in and around the mining area are investigated, and the quantity of biological resources which can serves for the industry are calculated;（ 10）Water balance between agriculture and industry are analyzed; （ 11 ）Industry chains of eco-industry are designed; （ 12 ）Viable analysis of organic （ green ） food base establishment in mining area have been done; （ 13 ）The land change rehabitation of farmland in the future is predicted. （ 14 ）Dynamic changes of the quantity, quality and productivity of land are analyzed, and how to achieve the stability of quantity and quality of arable land is proposed. （ 15）Socio-economic problems in reuse reclamation land are analyzed, and the solutions In these problems are promised.The research is of great significance for the comprehensive development and utilization,so to the sustainable development of restoration eco-systema.