厚黄土薄基岩型采煤沉陷区农田土壤物理性状空间变异初探

Preliminary Study on Spatial Variability of Soil Physical Properties in the Thick Loess and Thin Bedrock Mining Subsidence Area

以山西潞安集团司马煤矿为例,针对厚黄土薄基岩型煤层地质,对沉陷破坏农田的不同沉陷深度下土壤物理性状空间变异进行了研究。结果表明:开采沉陷加速沉陷区农田土壤的侵蚀和水土流失,从而显著影响农田土壤的物理性状,受其影响最大的是0～20 cm土层,其次是20～40 cm土层;沉陷农田随着下沉深度的加深,土壤含水量呈增加趋势;土壤容重从上坡开始随下沉深度的加深而增加,至下沉深度7 m时达最大值;土壤孔隙度的变化规律同土壤容重相反;在沉陷2年的沉陷区农田中,不同土壤物理性状受开采沉陷影响的程度不一样,受其影响最大的是土壤容重,其次是土壤孔隙度和土壤含水量。

With the Sima mine in Shanxi Province as a case, spatial variability of soil physical properties in different depth of settlement in the thick loess and thin bedrock mining subsidence area was studied in this paper. It was found that the mining sub- sidence can accelerate soil erosion and soil/water loss in the mining subsidence area and influence the soil physical properties sig- nificantly. The most serious influence showed in 0 - 20 cm layer, and then to 20 - 40 cm layer. With the increase of the depth of settlement, the soil moisture increased. With the increase of slope and depth of settlement, soil bulk density increased and reached maximum at 7 m. With the increase of the depth of settlement, the soil porosity decreased. The influences of soil physical properties by mining subsidence were different in the two years old mining subsidence farmland. The most serious influence showed to prop- erty of soil bulk density, the second serious influence was to soil porosity and soil moisture.