论两汉玄学思潮的萌芽

On the Germination of the Metaphysics of the Han Dynasty

春秋时期，道术“为天下裂”；秦汉时期，道术开始为“天下合”，儒道思想逐渐兼容其他学说，交融整合。在此过程中，学者们将宇宙论的探讨不断转化为本体论的思考，使有无、本末等成为亟待深入讨论的哲学命题。汉朝强调礼教规范，与个体自我之间形成对立和冲突，使得名教和自然的关系，逐渐成为急需解决的思想命题。玄学在魏晋时期的形成，正得益于两汉玄学思潮的不断积累。

In the Spring and Autumn period, competition led to the split of the traditional principles and stratagem. By the Qin and Han Dynasty, the principles and stratagem began to integrate again in a unified political situation, which involved Taoism, Confucianism and other existing schools of thought. In this process, scholars' attention of study moved from the exploration of cosmology to the ontology, thus brought some abstruse philosophical concepts, such as existence and non-existence, under analysis. Since the Han state ideology emphasizes the norm of rites, contradiction between individualism and the norm of the state became a major issue to be resolved. The formation of the metaphysics during the Wei and Jin periods was based upon the gradual accumulation of the metaphysical thought in the Han dynasty.