明代巡抚制度形成之初的若干史实问题

On Some Factual Issues regarding to the Formation of the Xunfu(巡抚,Provincial Governor) System of the Ming

“巡抚”在明代的产生，并非制度设计的产物；它的发展经历了一个长期的、反复的过程。因此，对巡抚制度初生阶段的研究，需要从其复杂的历史条件出发，并综合考察各种特殊情况。而在以往的许多论述中，一些重要史实却常被忽视。这些遗漏的“断片”，不仅是明初巡抚制度“衍生链条”上原有的环节，也是正确认识这一制度必不可舍的材料。本文尝试拾取这些缺失的“断片”，将其补缀进巡抚制度如何形成的叙述中，对巡抚制度在这一阶段的特性重作认识，并就“巡抚之始”等问题再作探讨。

Sending Governors to the provincial regions was not a designed system of the Ming Dynasty, rather, it was a practice developed out of a long-term political experiences of the Ming. Therefore, researches on this practice involve very complicated facts and situations. From this point of view, many important historical facts have been ignored in the existing publications on this subject. This article tried to collect some ignored fragmental facts that are related to the formation of the Provincial Governors of the Ming to provide additional insights for this issue.