亚洲的两种传统医学基本原理比较:中医学和阿育吠陀

A fundamental comparison of two Asian traditional medicines:traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda

阿育吠陀是印度传统的医学,在梵文中意为生命的科学。阿育吠陀与中医有些相似的特点,这两种系统与其说是科学倒不如说都是旨在提高生活质量的哲学。这两种亚洲传统医学中最常用的半数草药在使用和特点解释上是相同的,比如药物都有寒热的属性。中医有阴阳五行、脏腑、气血津液的理论体系,阿育吠陀医学有三元体液理论。中医有古代医学典籍《黄帝内经》,包括《素问》和《灵枢》两部分,阿育吠陀有《遮罗迦集》和《妙闻集》。《遮罗迦集》主要内容是基本理论、草药、治疗原则和预防,这点和《素问》以中医基础理论为主很相似。中医有阴阳理论,而阿育吠陀的理论基础是三个dosha。阿育吠陀的术语好像中医术语一样难以用英语解释。Pitta大概对应中医术语火比较合适,Kapha可以对应痰,Vata可以对应风。Rasa和中医的谷气相似。中医伤寒有六经传变,温病学理论有卫气营血传变。阿育吠陀认为疾病的发展有doshas的积累、doshas加剧发展和doshas溢出三个阶段。中医所重视的血瘀理论,在阿育吠陀不认为是内科的重点问题。针灸在西方的推广、中医师在发达国家开业、中国政府中药出口政策和海外人员来中国学习中医使中医的海外加速发展成为可能。相比而言印度传统医学阿育吠陀做的还不够。

Ayurveda is a kind of traditional medicine native to India; Ayurvedic medicine has some similarities to Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM）. Both systems are philosophical, rather than scientific, and are basically aimed at improving life. Approximately half of the herbs which are most commonly -used in each of these two Asian traditional medicines are similar. TCM has a strong association to the Yin and Yang theory while Ayurveda believe in the supremacy of the three doshas （tridoshas） system. This paper is focusing on the fundamentals of these two Asian traditional medicines, similarities, differences, disease progression, and world Globalization.