苦瓜提取物对黄足黑守瓜的化学抗虫性初步研究

Primary Research on the Chemical Resistance of the Extracts from Momordica charantia L.to Aulacophora lewisii Baly Adult

[目的]对苦瓜叶进行了提取分离，找出苦瓜叶中的抗黄足黑守瓜取食成分，阐明苦瓜叶抗虫机理。[方法]用不同极性有机溶剂分别对苦瓜叶进行提取、浓缩，得到3种有机溶剂提取物，对黄足黑守瓜进行了选择性与非选择性生物测定。[结果]3种提取物都随浓度的增加，选择性拒食作用与非选择性拒食作用增强，氯仿提取物对黄足黑守瓜的拒食作用最强，在处理浓度为8mg／ml，48h后其选择性拒食率与非选择性拒食率分别为100％和96．47％。进一步用100～200目硅胶柱层析法对氯仿提取物进行纽分分离，并进行生物测定，发现各组分对黄足黑守瓜的拒食作用差别很大，4组分、9组分显示出非常好的拒食作用，其拒食率在处理24和48h后均达100％。[结论]苦瓜叶中含有对黄足黑守瓜具有忌避作用的次生代谢物质，从而起到忌避其成虫前来取食的作用，

[ Objective ] The mechanism of Momordica charantia L. leaf resisting pest was explored through the analysis of the component in its leaf that was eaten by Aulacophora lewisii Baly adult through the research on the extracts from the leaf. [ Method ] Three extracts from Momordica charantia L. leaf were produced with the organic solvents with different polarities. The test in the biological choice and non-choice of the pest to them was studied. [ Results] The results showed that the anti-feeding behavior of the pest in both choice and non-choice was gradually strong with the increment of the extracts concentration; and the anti-feeding behavior of the pest appeared in the extract from chloroform solvent and the most intensity of anti-feeding behavior of the pest in both choice and non-choice was in the treatment with the concentration of 8 mg/ml for 48 hours, which was 100% and 96.47% respectively. The anti-feeding behavior of the pest in both choice and non-choice was different in the biological test with the treatment that the extract from chloroform solvent was further isolated by 100 -200 mesh silica gel column chromatography. The better anti-feeding behavior of the pest appeared in the treatment of the fraction 4 and fraction 9, which was 100% in the 24 and 48 hours＇ treatment, respectively. [ Conclusion] The secondary metabolites in Momordica charantia L. leaf had the repellent effect on Aulacophora lewisii Baly.