3种浮床植物系统对富营养化水体净化效果研究

Study on purification effects by three floating-bed plant systems in eutrophic water bodies

研究了风车草(Cyperus alternifolius)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)和富贵竹(Dracaena sanderiana)3种浮床植物系统对富营养化水体净化效果,试验共持续35 d。结果表明,在水温24～30℃条件下,风车草和菖蒲生长良好,生物量大,而富贵竹生长较差,生物量增加少;3种植物对NH_4^+-N的去除率分别为76.8%、85.5%和53.6%,对TN的去除率分别为69.1%、66.2%和54.4%,对TP的去除率分别为76.9%、84.6%和61.5%,对PO_4^(3-)-的去除率分别为91.7%、91.7%和75%,对真实色度有明显的去除效果;3种植物对氮磷和真实色度去除效果与对照之间均达到显著差异(P<0.05),自然沉淀是浊度去除的主要原因,植物吸收同化作用是NH_4^+-N去除的主要途径,植物吸收是溶解性磷去除的主要途径。试验表明,风车草和菖蒲对富营养化水体中氮磷和真实色度有较好的去除效果,可作为富营养化水体治理的优良物种而推广使用。

The purification effects by floating-bed plant systems of Cyperus alternifolius,Acorus calamus and Dracaena sanderiana in eutrophic water bodies were investigated. The experiment lasted 35 days. Results indicated that Cyperus alternifolius and Acorus calamus could grow well under the conditions of water temperature 24 - 30℃ , but Dracaena sanderiana could not grow well. The removal rates of NH4^＋ -N, TN, TP, and PO4^3- by these three plants were 76. 8%, 85.5% and 56.3%, 69. 1%, 66.2% and 54.4%, 76.91%, 84.6% and 61.5%, and 91.7% , 91.7% and 75% respecctively. Three plants had good removal effects on the true color. The removal effects of the floating-bed systems in nitrogen, phosphorus and true color were significantly different （P 〈 0.05） from three plants and the control. Turbidity removal releated to natural sedimentation. NH4^＋-N removal was through plant adsorption. Dissolved phosphorus removal concerned with dissolved phosphorus adsorbed by plant. Based on their good effect on nitrogen, phosphorus and true color removal, Cyperus alternifolius and Acorus calamus are recommended as speeies of aquatic vegetation in eutrophic water bodies.