2种典型餐厨垃圾资源化处理工艺的环境影响分析

Environmental impact analysis of two typical restaurant garbage regeneration technologies

为了评估餐厨垃圾资源化处理工艺对环境的影响,运用生命周期评价的方法,比较了2种典型的资源化处理工艺——好氧堆肥和湿热处理对环境的影响。结果表明,2种餐厨垃圾资源化处理工艺对全球变暖、生态毒性、酸化和富营养化的影响各有不同。其中,好氧堆肥对全球变暖的贡献较大,碳排放为337.7 kg CO_2eq./t。湿热处理为163.1 kg CO_2eq./t。在环境影响负荷方面,湿热处理工艺中的高能耗加重了毒性的影响。但由于其对环境的酸化、富营养化的不利影响较小,湿热处理的环境影响负荷总值是好氧堆肥的62.5%。总体上,湿热处理是一种对环境影响较小的餐厨垃圾处理工艺。

To evaluate the environmental impacts of restaurant garbage recovery process, life cycle assessment （LCA） was used to compare the two recovery processes composting and thermal hydrolysis and estimate energy consumption and pollutant emissions. The results showed that the efficient processes were different in global warming, ecotoxicity, acidification and eutrophication, impact category. It was evaluated that the cornposting made greater contribution to global warming, reaching 337.7 kg CO2 eq./t, and the thermal hydrolysis was 163.1 kg CO2 eq./t. In contrast, the thermal hydrolysis imposed more impact in ecotoxieity due to the large energy consumption. But the total environmental impacts of thermal hydrolysis was about 62.5% times compared to composting as a result of less effect on the other three categories of acidification, eutrophication, and global warming. Generally speaking, the thermal hydrolysis was an effective regeneration process with less environmental impacts.