珀涅罗珀的花毯或叙述诡计——从《珀涅罗珀记》看神话的颠覆与重构

The Subversion and Rebuilding of Myth Viewed from "The Penelopiad"

阿特伍德在作品中融入了现代女性的观念,完成了对古老神话的颠覆,并做出重新阐释。在《奥德赛》中,故事有着两条平行的线索,一条是奥德修斯在海上的不同凡响的经历,这是故事的主体部分,另一条是珀涅罗珀在家机警地与求婚者的周旋,这条线索只占了全书的很少一部分。而在《珀涅罗珀记》里,这一情况得到了翻转,虽然就整体上看并没有违背原有的情节,但由于是由珀涅罗珀作为故事的叙述者,因此使主体转移到了她的的故事上面。这种重写展示了叙事策略的改变。作家们不再是摹写现实,而是把纷纭变化着的现实纳入到古老而恒定的神话系统中,从而完成了从转喻到隐喻的过程。这样既可以达到一种重塑现实的目的,并赋予现实一种历史感,或者毋宁说,给古老的神话传说注入了现代性。

Modem female concept was merged into Atwood＇s work ＂The Penelopiad＂. She has accomplished the subversion and rebuilding of myth. ＂The Penelopiad＂ did not violate original plots as a whole, but the emphasis of the book was put on the story of Penelopiad. The rewriting like this shows the change of descriptive strategy. It was not the replication of reality, but the chang from metonymy to metaphor, and it made myth filled with modernity.