从历代评价看《君主论》的历史意义

Endless Dispute on the Influence of "The Prince"

马基雅维利因《君主论》而享有盛誉,然而该书历来备受争议。有人认为该书把政治研究从伦理中解放了出来,用经验研究取代了规范研究,具有充分的科学精神,所以马基雅维利是政治科学之父。另外,《君主论》中的爱国情怀突破了意大利一国的疆界而具有近乎普遍的意义,昭示着民族国家观念的发端。对此,许多论者持反对意见,针锋相对地指出,《君主论》是专制主义的御用秘籍,它对道德的蔑视是毒化政治研究的开始,马基雅维利主义必须被唾弃。

Machiavelli got a great prestige because of＂ The Prince＂. However, this book has always been controversial. Some people think that the thoughts in this book separated the study of Politics from the ethical tradition, and also replaced the standardized study by the empirical research with a sufficient scientific spirit. So Machiavelli was believed to be the father of modern science of Politics. In addition, the patriotism of the state expressed in the book put the influence all over the world not only to Italia highlighting the beginning of the con- cept of the National State, on the other hand, many commentators pointed out ＂The Prince＂ was the queen＇s counsels to be despotism, and it was also the beginning of the poisoning of morality in Politics, so Machiavellism must be criticized.