南北音乐文学体系的对立融合与词的起源

The Conflict and Fusion of Northern and Southern Musical Literary Systems and the Origin of Ci Poetry

词作为音乐文学,受隋唐时期新音乐的影响。中国古代音乐发展到隋唐之际,逐渐形成三种主要音阶,下徵音阶主要在南方音乐中使用,北方较多使用清商音阶,三种音阶并用于俗乐"二十八调"。唐以前南北文学存在明显差异,作为音乐文学的词也同样存在南北差异。盛唐之后歌舞伎乐的衰落以及城市经济的发展,促使歌舞伎乐向小型化乃至脱离舞伎发展,促成了填词风气的兴盛。词在初起时,存在着南北两大体系对立的倾向,在对立与融合中,词体的发展由受宫廷音乐文学的影响,逐渐转变成以南方色彩为主要特征。

Ci poetry , a type of musical literature, was influenced by music in Sui and Tang Dynasties. Gradually, in such times the ancient Chinese music derived three major scales with the ＂Xiahui＂ scale widely used in south, while in the same time, the north preferred ＂Qingsbang＂ scale. And all the three types of scale appeared in ＂28 tunes＂ of folk music. Before Tang Dynasty, there were obvious differences between southern and northern literature, and such phenomenon also could be found in music. After the An Shih Rebellion because of the Kuregaku＇s decline and the urban economic development, the Kuregaku was continuously being reduced in size and separated from maiko. Such reasons led the flourishing of Ci poetry. In the early stages of the development of the Ci, the South system is opposite to that of the north. Being effected by royal literacy and music, South versions became the main feature of Ci poetry.