论中国创新型人才培养的文化阻力及个性化培养

Cultural Resistance to Innovative Talents Training in China and Individuation Cultivation

长期以来,创新型人才培养困扰着中国人,从文化哲学的视角来透视中国传统文化的基本特征,是群体本位、伦理主义、重人际关系、保守性、缺少历史感和超越感,这种中国传统文化模式阻碍了创新型人才的培养。中国人必须扬弃中国传统文化模式,建立以追求个体自由、个体意识、个体本位为核心,倚重理性、科学、主体意识、情感、个性、创新精神的现代文化模式。扬弃的方式是建立针对中国人的深层文化启蒙机制。创新型人才的教育理念是个性化培养,此理念要求教育目的从群体化到个性化、教育内容从给定式到选修式、教育方法从授受法到启发法、教育评价从排名导向到素质导向的转变。

Innovative talents training has plagued Chinese people for a long time. From the angle of cultural philosophy, the basic characteristics of Chinese traditional culture include departmentalism, moral principles, interpersonal relationship, conservativeness, and lack of historical and surmounting sense. It has been hindering the innovative talents training. Chinese people must sublate the traditional mode of Chinese culture and establish modern cultural patterns, with individual freedom, individual consciousness and individualism as the core, and relying on rationalism, science, subjective consciousness, emotion, personality and creative spirit. It is a change for cultural enlightenment at a deep level. The educational ideas of innovative talents training is individuation cultivation, which requires changes of educational aim from the groups to individuation, educational contents from a given type to the elective-style, educational methods from instillation to heuristics, and educational evaluation from sequence-oriented to quality-oriented.