3[12]Friedmann.J.Empowerment:The Politics of Alternative Deuelopment.Cambridge:Blaekwell,1992,P.vii.转引自Nina Spruill.Con Kenney.Laura Kaphn.Community Deuelopment ment and Systems.Thinking:Theory and Practice[J]National Ciuis Reuiew,2001(1):105-116.
4[15]Haus Michael,Heinelt Hubert,Stewart Murray.Urban Gouernance and Democracy:Leadership and Community lnuoluement.Publication:London,New York Taylor & Francis Routledge,2005:172.
5[20]Millar,Patl,Kilpatrick,Suel,How community development programmes can foster re-engagement with learning in disadvantaged communities:Leadership as process[J].Studies in the Education of Adults.Spring 2005(1):18-30.
6[22]Haus Michael,Heineh Hubert,Stewart Murray.Urban Governance and Democracy:Leadership and Community Involvemerit.London,New York:Taylor & Francis Routledge,2005:172.
