政治法的宪法属性辨析

An Analysis of the Constitutional Attributes of Political Law

现代政治的运行需要法律的调整和控制,政治法由此而生。政治法是调整政治关系的法律,包括政治主体法、政治行为法、政治程序法与政治责任法。学界一般把政治法归属于宪法类法律。从政治的法律调节和法律本身的层级结构看,这一归类有其不合理的一面。宪法作为根本大法,固然也调节政治关系,但并不涵盖政治运行的具体过程,不能替代政治法,不能把二者等同。政治法也不是宪法性法律。宪法性法律是不成文宪法国家对具有宪法内容的法律表现形式的称谓,不适合用于中国这样的成文宪法国家。把政治法归属于宪法类法律不利于实现政治过程的法律调节。政治法不具有宪法属性,是宪法之下的法律部门。

The running of modern politics needs the adjustment and control of the law, hence, political law emerges. Political law is the law regulating political relations which includes laws of political subject, laws of political behavior, laws of political procedures and laws of political responsibility. In the law circle, political law is generally classified into constitutional laws. Seen from the legal regulation and the hierachical structure of the law, this classification is not quite reasonable. As the fundamental law, the constitution regulates political relations, but it does not equal to political law since it does not cover the whole process of the running of politics. Political law is not constitutional law either. Constitutional law is a name used for the laws with the contents of constitution in the country where there is no written constitution. Classifying political law into constitutional laws goes against its legal regulations of political process. Political law does not have constitutional attributes. It falls under the jurisdiction of constitution.