准格尔旗黄土丘陵区人工林水文生态效益评价研究

Evaluation on Hydrological-ecological Effects of Plantation in Loess Hilly Area in Zhungeer,Inner Mongolia

就黄土丘陵区主要植被类型人工油松成熟林、人工油松中龄林、人工油松幼龄林、人工沙棘林、人工柠条林、天然草坡的枯落物容水特征和林地土壤水分物理性质进行了测定，并以坡耕地作对照。结果表明：人工油松成熟林的枯落物吸水量为22．6t／hm2，是中龄林和幼龄林的5～9倍，是灌木林的2．4～3倍，是天然草地的10倍多。0～40cm土层土壤最大持水能力油松成林、油松幼林、浦松中龄林、人工沙棘林、人工柠条林、天然草地、农耕地依次为2260．05、1935．6、1935．6、1820．1、1597．65、1666．05、1600．2t／hm2；油松成林、油松幼林、油松中龄林、人工沙棘林、天然草地0—40cm土层土壤最大持水能力分别比对照农耕地提高659．85、335．4、335．4、219．9、65．85t／hm2。在土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、毛管最大持水量、土壤最大持水能力等水土保持及水源涵养功能指标诸方面，人工油松林均优于灌木林和天然草地。

This paper studied hydrological characteristics of litter and soil water physical properties in mature, young and middle - aged forest of Pinus tabulaeforrnis and Hippophae rhamnoides stands, Caragana korshiskii stands as well as natural grassland in loess hilly area, with taking slope farmland as ck. The results showed that the maximum water absorption of litter in mature forest ofPinus tabulaeformis was 22.6 t/hm2 ,which was 5 - 9 times as much as young and middle - aged forest, 2.4 - 3 times as much as shrubbery, and more than 10 times as much as natural grassland. The maximum water - holding capacity between 0 - 40 cm soil layer in mature, young and middle - aged forest of Pinus tabulaeformis , Hippophae rhamnoides plantation, Caragana korshiskii plantation, natural grassland and cultivated land was respectively 2 260. 05, 1 935.6, 1 935.6, 1 820. 1, 1 597.65,1 666.05, 1 600.2 t/ hm2 ; the maximum water - holding capacity between 0 - 40 cm soil layer in mature, young and middle - aged forest of Pinus tabulaeformis, Hippophae rhamnoides plantation and natural grassland was respectively 659. 85, 335.4, 35.4, 219.9, 65.85 t/hm2 higher than that of cultivated land. Thus, some indexes of water conservation function such as soil total porosity, capillary porosity, maximum water - holding capacity of capillary and maximum soil water -holding capacity, Pinus tabulaeformis plantation was better than that of shrubs and natural grassland.