美国特许学校政策演变及启示

The Evolution of Charter School Policy in the United States and its Implications

特许学校作为美国近10年发展起来的一种新型公立学校形式,以其灵活的办学形式、高效的办学绩效极大地促进了美国教育的公平。对这一办学形式产生背景、内在特性的分析以及与我国基础教育公平程度现状的比较,可以发现我国在促进教育公平的进程中可积极实施分类特许学校制度,引入绩效考评机制、逐步改变教育投资重心,明确国家责任,从而形成一个全社会重视基础教育公平建设的氛围。

As a new form of public schools developed in the United States during the past decade, charter schools featuring flexibility and high efficiency have greatly promoted educational equity in the United States. Through an analysis of the background and the inherent characteristics of the charter schools and a comparison of the status quo of educational equity between American and Chinese fundamental education, it is found that to form an atmosphere of valuing educational equity construction in fundamental education, the system of charter schools including performance appraisal mechanism can be introduced into the process of promoting educational equity in China, the focus of investment in education should be gradually changed and the responsibility of the government should be clarified.