数控机床的误差分析与研究

Analysis and Investigation of Geometric Error for NC Machine Tools

基于机器人运动学原理,结合齐次坐标变换理论和刀具与工件构成的联结矢量链概念,以一台立式加工中心为研究对象,1建立了包含21项几何误差的数控机床误差模型、同时提出了误差的辨识方法、然后利用平面正交光栅精密测量系统,通过修改数控指令的补偿方法对圆轨迹进行了补偿研究。研究表明机床的加工精度得到大幅的提高。本文所提出的误差模型、辨识方法和补偿方法可推广到其它多轴数控机床误差分析研究之中。

Based on the theory of kinematics of robotic motion, using of a homogeneous coordinate transformation method and tool-workpiece connection vector, this paper presents a model of 21 geometric error of a vertical machining center, and error identification method, then making use of planar grid encoder precise measuring system, compensation research of circular loci is put up by modifying NC instructions. The research indicates that working precision of NC machine tool is greatly improved. These methods including error modeling, error identification and error compensation can be used in describing the error of the other multi-axis NC machine tools.