批判建构主义视角下的国际秩序研究

International Order:A Critical Constructivist Analysis

现实主义均势秩序的规律性和自由主义宪政秩序的正义性不断遭到质疑,而既有国际秩序的建构主义分析框架只是阐述了秩序与规则、知识的关系,没有回答在多元价值体系中哪种价值观具有优先性,会成为建构国际规则和规范的核心知识这一问题。作者借鉴了批判建构主义的主要理论,提出当代国际体系的知识是权力建构的结果。在国际体系中,霸权推动其私有知识成为体系的共有知识,并在此基础上建构体系内部秩序,学界有必要对构成国际秩序的知识进行重建。当体系的权力结构处于一种相对平衡的状态且任何一个国家都没有足够的能力独自应对国际社会所面临的共同挑战时,国家间通过沟通行动,可以对知识进行重建,进而在更为合理的知识基础上构建国际新秩序。

With the realist claim of the balance of power and the liberalist proposal for a constitutional order being constantly questioned,constructivism has become a popular approach to study international order. However,it only focuses on the relations of order,rules and knowledge,but fails to fully reveal the mechanisms of knowledge building in a plural world. Based on theories of critical constructivism,the author argues that contemporary international order is constructed by the hegemon,who consistently constructs the public knowledge of international society based upon its private knowledge. Therefore,for the sake of justice,it is necessary to rebuild knowledge through communicative actions,a process which only becomes possible when the international society face common threats and the contemporary power structure turns relatively balanced.