对黄河水权转换试点实践的评价和展望

Evaluation and prospect on the pilot program of water right transfer in the Yellow River Basin

黄河水权转换试点是我国历史上首次在大江大河上开展的跨行业水权市场实践。试点工作开展6年来取得了重要进展,实现了在黄河用水总量约束下,农业节水、工业发展、农民减负和生态效益的多赢。试点经验有力支持了水权水市场理论,为我国水市场制度建设提供了宝贵经验。探索和培育有中国特色的水权市场,具有复杂性和长期性,关键是正确处理政府和市场的关系,有效设计降低交易成本的制度安排。黄河流域跨区域的水权市场有比较大的潜在空间,是黄河水权转换工作下一步发展的方向。为了黄河水权市场的可持续发展,建议科学推进水权明晰工作,切实保护农业和农民权益,筹建黄河流域"水银行"。

The pilot program of water right transfer in the Yellow River Basin is the first attempt of muhi-industry water right market in Chinese major river basins. It has made great progress for the last 6 years, and achieved muhiwin results of promoting agricuhural water saving, industrial development, the farmers＂ burden alleviation and ecological benefits under the constraint of total amount control of Yellow River water consumption. The pilot experience strongly supports the theory of water right and water market, and provides valuable references for institutional building of water right market in China. It has a long-term and complex nature to explore and cultivate water market systems suitable for China. During this process, the key is to handle the relationship between government and market correctly to reduce transaction costs effectively. It has a big potential to develop cross-regional water market in the Yellow River Basin, which can be took as the future work. It suggests promoting the water right definition scientifically, ensuring the rights and interests of farmers and agriculture energetically, and building market systems of basin-wide ＂water bank＂, for the sustainable development of the water right market in Yellow River basin.