中美两国用水比较分析

Comparative analysis on the water consumption in China and America

美国较早地开展了需水管理,实现了用水总量的微增长和负增长,但人均用水量却高于我国。首先围绕该问题进行了深入分析,指出用水总量决定于经济规模和用水效益,而不是人口数量。就中美两国用水效益进行了比较分析,表明在用水效益方面,我国与美国相比还存在较大的差距。美国的需水管理水平虽然高于我国,但在水资源开发利用方面仍存在一些问题,需要进一步提升需水管理的水平。

Although America begins water demand management earlier and achieves a slight increase and negative growth in total water consumption, however its water consumption per capita is higher than China. With a deep analysis, this paper points out that the total water consumption is decided by economic scales and water-use efficiency rather than populations. It does a comparative analysis on water-use efficiency between China and America, finding out that compared with America, China has a large gap in water-use efficiency. Although America does better in water demand management than China, it has some problems in water resources development and needs to promote its water demand management level further.