不同贮藏处理对西洋参鲜根品质及成分的影响

Effect of different treatment methods on quality of American ginseng roots

目的:研究2种贮藏方法对西洋参鲜根品质及成分的影响。方法:选择无病健康的四年生西洋参鲜根,分别采用砂藏(处理A)和"清洗+保鲜剂+保鲜袋"(处理B)2种方式进行保鲜贮藏至180 d,每隔45 d随机取样1次,调查参根发病率和病情指数,测定人参皂苷、粗多糖以及游离氨基酸的含量。结果:贮藏45 d内,B处理的参根没有发病,优于A处理;贮藏至180d时,则以A处理的效果更好,发病率和病情指数均低于B处理。2种贮藏方式下,人参皂苷、粗多糖和游离氨基酸含量均存在明显差异。在整个贮藏过程中,A处理的西洋参中人参皂苷含量一直保持较高,粗多糖和游离氨基酸含量在135 d贮藏期内变化平缓,至180 d时有较明显的上升;而B处理的西洋参中粗多糖含量在贮藏90 d后明显下降,至135 d后基本保持稳定,游离氨基酸含量呈类似变化趋势,但下降不明显。结论:总体看来,在180 d贮藏期间,A处理更有利于保持西洋参鲜根的品质。

Fresh roots of healthy four-year-old American ginseng were randomly divided into two groups and stored for 180 days in sand without washing （treatment A） and in plastic bag with preservative after washing （treatment B）, and sampled after 45, 90, 135 and 180 days of storage, respectively. The incidence of disease was surveyed and the contents of ginsenoside, polysaccharide, and free amino acids of roots were determined. The results indicated that the disease of ginseng could be controlled better by the treatment B than the treatment A within 45 days, but the better effect was achieved in the treatment A after storage for 45 days. Both storage methods have significant influence on the contents of ginsenoside、polysaccharide and free amino acids of roots. For the treatment A, the ginsenoside content of roots has remained relatively high during the storage period, and the crude polysaccharide and free amino acids changed slowly within 135 days and then increase significantly until 180 days. For the treatment B, the content of crude polysaccharide of roots decreased obviously after 90 days of storatge and then became stable until 135 days. The change of content of free amino acids were similar to the crude polysaccharide, but the decline was not significant. In general, the treatment A is more benefit to keep the quality of fresh roots of American Ginseng during 180 days of storage.