中国退化河口湿地生态恢复研究进展

A Review on the Ecological Restoration of Degraded Estuarine Wetlands in China

湿地退化、恢复和重建是当前湿地科学领域的研究热点,也是中国湿地研究中的核心问题。作为一种典型的海岸湿地,河口湿地在围垦、水利工程建设和环境污染等多重因素的干扰下,面临着自然来水减少、水盐失衡、植被退化、生境质量下降等多种威胁。介绍了当前中国河口湿地的分布情况以及四大主要河口湿地的退化现状,针对已经开展的河口退化湿地恢复的现状,总结了目前中国河口退化湿地恢复所面临的问题,并展望了今后河口退化湿地恢复研究的趋势:开展河口湿地生态系统演替与退化机制研究;发展河口湿地生态恢复技术;加强河口湿地生态恢复示范研究以及建立动态监测和管理系统。

Wetland degradation, rehabilitation and reconstruction are hot issues of wetland science, as well as the key problems of wetland research in China. As a typical kind of coastal wetlands, estuarine wetlands are faced with reduction of natural water input, imbalance between water and salt, vegetation degradation, decline in habitat quality, and many other threats caused by many foctors such as： reclamation, hydraulic engineering construction and environmental pollution, etc. The current distribution of estuarine wetlands, as well as the degradation status of 4 major estuarine wetlands in China were introduced in this paper. On basis of situation investigation on estuarine wetland restoration that had been carried out, some problems that faced by restoring degraded wetland were summarized, and trends of degraded estuarine wetlands restoration research were pointed out finally ： to conduct the study of estua6ne wetlands＇ succession and degradation mechanism; to accelerate the study of estuarine wetlands＇ ecological restoration technology; to enhance the model research on estuarine wetlands＇ ecological restoration and to develop dynamic monitoring and management system.