镅与镧系元素分离研究的新进展

A REVIEW OF THE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SEPARATION OF AMERICIUM FROM LANTHANIDES

评述了近几年镅与镧系元素分离研究的进展，重点讨论了主要的几种溶剂萃取分离方法：（１）Ｔａｌｓｐｅａｋ流程法；（２）ＨＢＭＰＰＴ＋ＴＯＰＯ或ＤＰＰＨＥＮ协萃；（３）ＴＰＴＺ＋ＨＤＮＮＳ协萃；（４）ＨＥＤ－ＨＥＴＰ＋ＴＢＰ协萃；（５）ＨＢＴＭＰＤＴＰ萃取。萃取剂或者协萃剂含软配位基Ｎ和Ｓ，并认为Ａｍ３＋与软配位基比Ｌｎ３＋形成更强的共价键而产生分离选择性。ＨＢＴＭＰＤＴＰ萃取不需采用水相络合剂和协萃剂、分离因子大、稳定性较好，具有更好的实际应用价值。

A review of the recent developments in the separation americium from lanthanides is presented. The following solvent extraction separation processes are mainly disscussed:(1) Talspeak process; (2) HBMPPT+TOPO or DPPHEN synergistic extraction; (3) TPTZ+HDNNS synergistic extraction; (4) HEDHDTP+TBP synergistic extraction and (5) HBTMPDTP extraction. These processes have an important similarity that extractants or synergists contain soft donor ligands N or S and the extraction selectivity results from the greater covalent bonds between Am 3+ and soft donor ligands than Ln 3+ . HBTMPDTP is more promising in practice use than the others because of the great separation factor and its better stability and without aqueous complex or synergist.