语言中态度的认知机理

A Cognitive Approach to Attitude in Language

态度一直是心理学家、社会学家和功能语言学家们关心的话题,本文试从认知语言学的视角,探寻我们语言中态度的来源及形成途径,分析语言中态度的认知机理。本文利用徐盛桓提出的"基于心理模型的常规推理"理论指导下的"自主-依存分析框架",结合James Martin评价理论中的态度系统对语言中的态度进行分析,提出了内隐态度由常规关系生成的假设,进而对态度进行了分类。通过分析我们得到内隐态度是自主成分,显/隐性态度表述是依存成分。我们认为语言中态度的认知机理如下:态度的表述来源于由相邻律建构的内隐态度,在解读语言中的显/隐性态度表述的过程中我们需要通过相邻律反溯内隐态度,才能理解发话人的话语。

Studies on attitude are widely concerned in the field of psychology, sociology and systematic functional linguistics. In this paper, we study attitude in a new perspective： cognitive linguistics. Our focuses are the source of attitude, formation of attitude and cognitive motivation of interpreting attitude. Adopting the Autonomy - dependency Analysis Framework in Model - based Stereotypical Reasoning Theory by Xu Shenghuan and Attitudinal System in Appraisal Theory by James Martin, we analyze attitudes in our daily language. Based on this analysis, we propose that implicit attitude is generated from stereotypical relation. Our analysis also shows that implicit attitude is autonomy, while inscribed and evoked attitude are dependence. We conclude that the cognitive motivation of attitude is that expressions of attitude originate from implicit attitude constructed by proximity. Therefore, we can interpret attitude via recovering the implicit attitude according to proximity.