论侵害人不明的大规模产品侵权责任:以市场份额责任为中心

On Mass Product Liability Tort without CertainTortfeasor:Focusing on the Market Share Liability

对侵害人不明的大规模产品侵权,美国司法界使用市场份额责任对受害人加以救济,通过历史和理论的分析,可以发现所谓市场份额责任实际上是择一责任的原告在无法起诉所有被告情况下的一种特别处理而已。而择一责任则与大陆法系语境中的共同危险行为有着很大程度上的同一性。那么在承认后者的我国存在着市场份额理论一定的适用空间。

In the cases of mass product liability tort without certain tortfeasor, the market share liability is sometimes applicable. Through the historical and theoretical analysis, it can be found that the market share liability is just a special case of the alternative liability in which the plaintiffs can not sue all the defendants. On the other hand, there are significant similarities between the alternative liability and the joint risk. As a result, in the legal systems that admit the latter, there should made some space for the application of the theory of market share liabil- ity.