体系化语境下的宅基地使用权制度创新

Innovations of Rural Usufructuary of Land for Building under Systematization Linguistic Environment

《物权法》对宅基地使用权法律制度进行了系统设计,体现了宅基地使用权的中国本土"固有"特点,实现了对宅基地使用权从政策性调整向法律性调整的转变。但在法律制度的设计中,尚存在一些体系局限。对宅基地使用权性质、功能的立法回避导致了立法理论基础认识的不统一,并在实践环节引起争议。宅基地使用权是一项准所有权,具有私权特性,宅基地使用权可以自由流转。在《物权法》确立的登记生效主义和登记对抗主义双轨制条件下,鉴于中国农村宅基地使用权未进行全面登记之现实,应该对宅基地使用权的公示采取登记对抗主义。

Real Right Law has carried on systematic design to rural usufructuary of land for building, which has manifested the＂ inherent＂ characteristic of Chinese native place and has realized the transformation from the policy adjustment to the law adjustment of rural usufructuary of land for building. But in the design of legal system, there still exists some systematic limitations. Legislative evasion of the nature, function of rural usufructuary of land for building caused the disunity of understanding to legislation theory and dispute in practice. Rural usufructuary of land for building is a quasi-property rights, which has the characteristics of private fight and may circulate freely. Under the two-track system condition of registration validity doctrine and registration confrontation doctrine established by Real Right Law, in view of the fact that rural usufructuary of land for building of China has not registrated entirely, rural usnfructuary of land for building should be adopted registration confrontation doctrine.