韩婴孟学思想探析——再论《韩诗外传》与孟荀的关系问题

DISCUSSION ON HAN YING'S MENCIUS STUDY

西汉韩婴之《韩诗外传》杂采先秦之经子传说以说《诗》,其中援引最多的当数《荀子》,以致前人多认为《韩诗》为"《荀卿子》之别子"。实则就《韩诗外传》一书来看,韩婴固然在诸多方面受荀子影响,但也吸收了孟子的很多观点,表现出一定的尊孟意识。韩婴在人性论、法先圣等问题上都体现了其兼综孟荀的倾向。在权变观、井田制等观点上则与孟子思想一脉相承。《外传》袭取《荀子》"非十二子"之论而删非思孟之文;引《荀子·儒效篇》而删去"法后王"一段均是出于其尊孟意识,亦是其自身思想倾向之合理要求。

Han Shi Wai Zhuan written by Han Ying in the early Han Dynasty collected the Confucian classics and the studies of the Erudites to elucidate the Shi Jing. Because the Hart Shi Wai Zhuan mostly invoked the Xunzi, many predecessors looked on it as ＂branch of the X unzi＂. Although Han Ying was influenced by the Xunzi in many aspects, but also absorbed a lot of the Mencius, which showed his respect for Mencius. On the theory of human nature and following ancient sacred kings Han Ying reflected the tendency of synthesizing Mencius and Xunzi＇s thoughts. On the theory of Contingency perspective and well-field system Han Ying＇s opinion is consistent with Meneius. Hart Shi IVai Zhuan took over the＂Animadvert on the Twelve Sophists＂ in the Xunzi, but deleted the part of ＂Animadvert on Zisi and Mencius＂. Likewise, it quoted the ＂Ruxiao Chapter＂ of the Xunzi but deleted the part of ＂following the king of contemporary＂. All these are not only because of his respect for Mencius but also because of the reasonable request of the tendency of his thoughts.