准确理解马克思的亚细亚生产方式——以马克思对农村公社的认识过程为视角

An Accurate Understanding of Marx's Theory of Asiatic Mode of Production from the Perspective of Marx's Understanding of the Process of Rural Communes

以马克思对农村公社的认识过程为视角解读亚细亚生产方式概念,就不难发现他虽然在19世纪50年代初开始研究农村公社,但直到晚年才形成对农村公社的准确认识;最初他将农村公社土地公有制视为原始公有制遗存并推导出亚细亚生产方式概念,最后将农村公社置于原生形态向次生形态的过渡阶段并形成农村公社两重性的认识,且不再用亚细亚生产方式概念表述公社公有制。梳理马克思对农村公社研究的学术历程,可以探寻出亚细亚生产方式概念形成和发展的学理轨迹及其准确内涵。

Explaining the concept of Asiatic mode of production from the perspective of Marx＇s understanding processes of the rural communes, it is not difficult to find that it was not until he formed an accurate understanding of the rural communes in his old age although he began to study the rural communes in the early 1950s. Initially, Marx regarded public ownership of land in rural communes as the remains of the original public and derived the concept of Asiatic mode of production from it. Finally he placed rural communes in the transition phase of the native form to the secondary form, which formed the understanding of the dual nature of rural communes, and no longer reuse the concept of Asiatic mode of production to express commune public. Sorting out the academic course of Marx＇s study of the rural communes will be useful to explore academic track and the exact meaning of the formation and development of the concept of Asiatic mode of production.