何处关联:焦点还是焦点短语?

Association with Focus Phrases or with Focus alone?

根据Krifka(1997,2006)的焦点语义混合框架,本文进一步研究焦点敏感算子是与焦点还是焦点短语关联。本文认为这主要取决于算子本身的词汇意义:对焦点敏感的否定词及否定量词会与焦点关联,而限定焦点助词及添加/级差助词则与焦点短语关联;否则会造成语义偏差。这说明在焦点关联现象中,焦点短语及焦点关联均是可能的,并不能作一刀切的处理。

Different semantic frameworks have been proposed for the interpretation of focus.All are based on the assumption that focus-sensitive operators associate with focus.Based on a study on the restrictive focusing particle 'only',Krifka (1997,2006) posits a hybrid framework of focus interpretation,which argues for association with focus phrases in the following way:association with focus phrases is via LF movement and association of focus within focus phrases via projection of alternatives.This paper examines focus association in Chinese,so as to answer the question 'Do Chinese focus-sensitive operators associate with focus phrases or with focus alone?' It is argued that both are necessary in Chinese,which is governed by the following condition:In the case of negators or negative quantifiers,association would be with focus,and in the case of restrictive focusing particles and additive/scalar particles,with focus phrases;otherwise,it would lead to semantic misinterpretation or deviation.It is suggested that it is the lexical semantics of focus-sensitive operators that determines whether the relevant association is with focus or focus phrases.