论明代“戏禁”政策对士大夫阶层戏剧活动的影响

A study of the Developing Progress of Drama Forbidden Policy against Scholar-bureaucrat in Ming Dynasty

明代初期以树立朝廷纲纪、防止官员腐化为根本目的,出台了一系列针对士大夫阶层的"戏禁"政策,其经历了从明前期厉行规约到明中后期渐行废弛的发展过程。明初朝廷在树立"礼乐治国"的形象以拉拢士人、实现吏治清明、倡导节俭风尚等方面的需要,是这些政策出台的重要原因。"戏禁"令本身没有全面禁绝士大夫的戏剧活动,也没有对戏剧在文坛业已取得的地位形成根本性冲击。宫廷演剧风尚对士大夫的影响,以及皇帝个人对戏剧的爱好,都推动了"戏禁"政策最终走向废弛。"戏禁"政策显著地影响了明代士大夫阶层的戏剧活动,戏剧教化论观念成为明代文人戏剧理论的重要基石。

At the beginning of Ming, in order to establish principle of government and prevent the corruption of officials, the government unveils a series of drama-forbidden policy aiming at scholar-bureaucrat. This is a process from absolute strictness in early Ming to cease to be binding in mid and late Ming Dynasty. In early Ming, the government wants to build a ruling with Confucius image to draw the scholars, aiming at straight local administration and guides thrifty. These are the important reasons for unveiling the drama-forbidden policy. The policy itself does not forbid the dramatic event among the scholars. Playwriting is still held a place of mark in literature; the fashion of performance in court influences the scholars; and emperor＇s hobby of drama all lead the policy become lax. The drama-forbidden policy has a dominant effect on the scholars＇drama actions. The thoughts of drama instruction is an important foundation for the theory of drama in Ming Dynasty.