单向度是西方文化工业的典型特质——霍克海默尔、阿多诺“欺骗启蒙”所展现的西方文化工业

One Dimension:A Typical Feature of Western Culture Industry

西方文化工业呈现出单向度性,而这一切都是由经济的尤其是社会的统治力量造成的。它变成了同一的文化,否定性的因素被消除殆尽。文化工业的审美专家,必须符合市场的法则,否则他将成为局外人。人们业余的娱乐活动,也被净化,在自由、快乐的外表下,娱乐同样是单向度的。人们的反抗是徒劳的,人们沉湎在经验的泥淖里,而这正是统治所需要的。社会通过文化部门、文化产品塑造着道德形象,在这些形象的感召下,人们与这一社会实现了同一。在文化工业中,个性是虚假的,它是普遍制约下的个性。文化工业的商品化,也导致文化工业产品的虚假化、廉价化。文化工业并且广告化了,就是人们的语言也已如此,欺骗启蒙正是通过这一广告化,实现着对人们的控制和操纵。

Western culture industry shows one dimension feature, which is caused by dominant power. It becomes the unity culture, and negative factors are disappearing. Experts of culture industry should understand the market principle, otherwise they could be excluded. People＇s entertainment activities becomes on dimension under the guise of freedom and happiness. Theodor Adorno （1903--1969） and Max Horkheimer （1895--1973）, who argued that popular culture is akin to a factory producing standardized cultural goods-through film, radio and magazines-to manipulate the masses into passivity; the easy pleasures available through consumption of popular culture make people docile and content, no matter how difficult their economic circumstances. They saw this mass-produced culture as a danger to the more difficult high arts. Culture industries may cultivate false needs; that is, needs created and satisfied by capitalism. True needs, in contrast, are freedom, creativity, or genuine happiness.