甲骨文与《商颂》

Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Ode to Shang

在学术史上,有关《商颂》的作者与作期问题,从汉代开始就有争论。古文学派认为《商颂》作于商代的贵族祭司阶层,今文学派则认为是周代的宋国大夫正考父所作。这两派观点一直持续到近现代而未有正解。自从甲骨文资料的不断出现,解决这一千古论争成为可能。今考甲骨文中有《商颂》所提到的族名、王名与地名;甲骨文中的词汇与《商颂》中的主干词汇完全一致;更重要的是,殷墟花园庄东地所出的甲骨文中,还有贵族子弟系统接受"学商""秦商""舞商"活动的详细记录。这说明,《商颂》在商代确实已在贵族阶层中流传了。

Disputes over the authorship and the written time of Ode to Shang can be dated back to the Han Dynasty.The Ancient Text School attributed Ode to Shang to the aristocratic priestly class of the Shang Dynasty while the New Text School attributed it to Senior Official Zheng Kaofu in the Zhou Dynasty.The disputes have not yet been settled.Newly discovered oracle bone inscriptions offer new possibilities for the settlement of the long-lasting disputes.Names of clans,emperors and places in Ode to Shang are found in oracle bone inscriptions;main vocabularies in Ode to Shang share the same characteristics with those in oracle bone inscriptions.What is more,records of aristocrats performing sacrificial songs of different kinds are also found in oracle bone inscriptions excavated in Huadong,which indicates the spread of Ode to Shang among aristocrats in the Shang Dynasty.