摘要
目的通过固定幼兔颅骨缝，模拟颅骨多骨缝早闭，观察固定后颅颌面生长方式的变化及相互影响的关系。方法采用牙科釉质粘合剂固定２周龄幼兔冠状缝、矢状缝和额间缝，模拟颅骨多骨缝早闭。术后不同时期测量颅穹窿长度、高度、面中部高度、上颌骨长度、面角、腭角和颅底角。结果多骨缝早闭后，颅穹窿高度和长度明显减少，使颅骨变短且扁平。面中部高度和上颌骨长度增大，整个面中骨结构有整体向上移动趋势。面、腭和颅底角增大，这与颅穹窿变浅，面中部高度增大相对应。结论兔出生后１０周前是颅骨缝扩张性生长高峰期，在此期间，某些原因影响颅骨正常生长，必然导致颅面畸形。实验结果与临床颅骨骨缝早闭后表现类似。
Objective To investigate the change and the relationship of craniofacial bone growth pattern after immobilization of the coronal, sagittal, and inter frontal sutures in the young rabbits of two weeks.Methods Premature closure of three major vault sutures was induced by immobilization of the coronal, sagittal, and inter frontal sutures in young rabbits. The heights and lengths of the vault, mid facial heights and maxillary lengths, and facial angle, palatal and cranial base angle were measured in different periods after surgical fixation of the sutures.Results After multiple cranial suture immobilization the heights and lengths of the vault were greatly reduced. As a result, the vault in the experimental animals became short and flattening. Mid facial heights and maxillary lengths were significantly increased. Facial angle, palatal angle, and cranial base angle were increased. The changes in angular relationship of mid face to cranial base were related to the flattening of the cranial vault and the increasing of mid facial heights. Conclusion The findings of the study indicated that the premature closure of multiple cranial vault sutures resulted in significant alteration in craniofacial growth and morphology. Expansive growth of cranial sutures can reach a high peak in the first ten weeks after the birth of rabbits. During this period of time, if the normal growth of cranial sutures was affected, the result would be craniofacial deformity. The experimental result were similar to the clinical manifestation of multiple cranifacial craniostenosis.
