报废电冰箱的环保处理技术

An environment friendly treating process on waste refrigerators

介绍一种处理报废电冰箱的技术。首先对报废电冰箱进行分解,包括制冷剂回收、压缩机拆卸、散热系统和蒸发系统拆卸、箱体箱门钢板拆卸、箱体内胆拆卸、门衬拆卸和绝热泡沫剥离等。然后对于拆出的材料作进一步处理,钢板、管材经平整或矫直裁剪之后作为旧板材或旧管材;内胆和门衬破碎后作为注塑材料使用;压缩机组经专业检测、修复再利用或作为冶金炉料使用。聚氨酯泡沫需经分离回收R11处理,处理工艺路线包括泡沫粉碎、发泡剂蒸发、混合气收集、除尘、储气、压缩、冷凝、节流以及发泡剂与空气的分离;工艺参数涉及主要工艺环节的热力学计算,包括破碎后的泡沫中的R11发泡剂的蒸发吸热、混合气压缩功耗、冷凝过程的散热。同时还介绍了应用发泡胶接法的聚氨酯硬泡沫碎屑再成型技术。采用该工艺处理报废电冰箱,具有拆解物利用价值高、处理过程能耗低、便于分拣、设备造价低等优点,适合我国国情。

A treating process on waste refrigerators is introduced. Firstly, waste refrigerators are disassembled. This procedure includes refrigerants recycling; dismantling the compressor, radiator and evaporator; dismantling the steel shell, inner pot and bushing of the tank and door; peeling off the foam insulation. Then the disassembled materials are further treated： steel plates and tubes are recycled after being planished or slittered; bushing of the tank and door are crumbled and recycled as injection moulding material; compressor is tested and repaired or utilized as smelting material for metallurgical industry. PU foam could be recycled after removing R-11, and the process includes comminuting the foam, vaporizing the R-11 vesicant, dealing with the mixed gas which consists of gathering, removing dust, storing, compressing, condensing, throttling, as well as separating air from R-11 vesicant. The parameters of this process invo}ve thermodynamic calculation, such as heat absorption in R-11evaporation, power consumption in gas compression, heat dissipation in condensation, etc.. It also demonstrated the re-molding technology of PU rigid foam debris with foam cementing method. This process is a proper way to treat waste refrigerators under the current situation for efficient utilization, easy sorting, low power consumption and facility cost.