酸沉降对泰山土壤酸化的影响

Impact of acid deposition on the soil acidification of Mt. Taishan

以1980年代初全国第二次土壤普查期泰山6个土壤样点分析数据为基础,于2008年11月和2009年5月在1980年代全国土壤普查时相近采样点采集土壤样品,测定土壤酸度及交换性能等9项指标。通过对3个采样时期的土壤样品分析数据比较,中天门以上的高海拔采样点pH明显降低,而中天门以下较低海拔采样点pH变化不显著。与1980年代初土壤理化分析数据相比,近三十年后的土壤样品中,交换性Al3+含量明显增加,交换性H+显著提高,土壤盐基饱和度明显下降,各海拔高度采样点总体酸化趋势明显。对比2008年11月(雨季后)和2009年5月(雨季前)土壤分析数据显示,不同海拔高度采样点pH变化均不显著,在交换性Al3+和盐基饱和度方面呈现出低海拔采样点变化较小,高海拔采样点变化较大的现象,表明不同高度的土壤类型及酸沉降频率是影响土壤酸化程度的主要因素。

According to the sampling sites at Mt. Taishan during the second national soil investigation （ 1980＇ s） of China, two groups of soil samples were separately collected from Mt. Taishan in November 2008 and May 2009. The soil samples were analyzed according to the same analyzing methods of the 1980＇ s. The results showed that compared with the 1980＇ s, the pH of soil samples collected from the sites lower than Zhongtianmen did not have significant change, but the decrease of pH at the sites higher than Zhongtianmen was apparent. Also the exchangeable Al^3＋ and H^＋ had increased, and the base saturation（BS） had decreased in soil samples of all soil sampling sites compared with the data in the 1980＇ s. Tiffs phenomenon indicated the trend of the soil acidification at different altitude was obvious. The results also showed that the pH of soil samples did not show significant change between November 2008 and May 2009. The exchangeable Al^3＋ and BS of soil samples showed much more change at the high altitude sites than the two indices at low altitude sites between November 2008 and May 2009, which implied that the soil acidification was not only related to soil type but also to the frequency and amount of acid precipitation.