舆论监督在国家政治话语中的演变与意义建构

Evolution and Meaning Construction of "Public Opinion Supervision" as a Political Term in China

本文以1950年以来中共中央文件和党的领导人在党的全国代表大会报告中指涉舆论监督的话语为分析文本，对作为国家政治话语的舆论监督及其意义演变和建构进行了探讨。认为舆论监督在国家政治话语中经历了批评与自我批评、协商对话、权力监督、民主政治权利这四种话语类型的演变。从初期作为一种“改进工作和防止官僚主义的途径和方法”，到“对权力进行监督的民主政治权利”，舆论监督的所指发生了重大的变化。当下国家政治话语对舆论监督的意义建构达到了一个新的高度，从而使舆论监督具有广阔的学术话语空间和新闻实践话语的可能。

Analyzing CCP Central Committee documents and NPC reports by Party leaders since 1950, this paper discusses ＂public opinion supervision＂ as a political term used by Chinese government along with its evolution and meaning construction. As ＂public opinion supervision＂ evolves as a political term, it has undergone four paradigms with respect to its style and meaning： criticism and self-criticism, consultation and dialogue, power supervision and democratic rights. Historically, what ＂public opinion supervision＂ refers to has changed dramatically. In early days, ＂public opinion supervision＂ served as ＂a way to improve the administration and prevent bureaucracy＂ . Nowadays, it refers to ＂power supervision as a democratic right＂ . The current meaning construction of ＂public opinion supervision＂ as a political term in China pro- vides a broader academic research area and more possibilities in media practice.