3所学校麻疹疫情暴发流行调查分析

Investigation and Analysis on Several Epidemic Outbreaks of Measles in Schools in 2007

目的通过对3所学校麻疹疫情暴发的调查处理,分析疫情的流行病学特点,探讨学校预防与控制麻疹的措施。方法使用卫生部统一的麻疹疑似病例调查表对3所学校的发热出疹性病例进行个案调查。采集发热出疹病例血清,用ELISA法检测血清麻疹IgM抗体。结果3所学校在校学生共6910人,发病16例,罹患率0.23%(16/6910)。这几所学校均为民办学校,病例为来深圳务工的流动人口子女,年龄分布在6～13岁,共16例。在16例病例中仅有3人接种了一针次的麻疹疫苗,占发病数的18.75%,剩余病例除1人未接种麻疹疫苗外,其余接种史均为不详。结论加强对麻疹病例的监测,在儿童入托、入学时查验预防接种证。及时发现漏种儿童并补种麻疹疫苗,提高2针次麻疹疫苗的免疫接种率是预防与控制学校麻疹暴发流行的有效措施。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological features of the measles epidemic situation and to inquire into the preventive and control measures in schools, through investigating and treating of measles in schools. METHODS Case study of the patients with rash and fever were conducted by using the questionnaire set by the ministry of health. The serum of patients with rash and fever were collected to detect measles IgM antibody. RESULTS The incidence rate of the measles was 0.23%（16/6910）. All of the 16 cases were the children of civilian workers in Shenzhen and all of them were from private schools, whose ages were between 6 and 13. Among the 16 cases, only 3 cases were single dose injected, account for 18.75%. The vaccination histories of else cases were unknown, except one case had been never vaccinated. CONCLUSION It＇s indicated that the necessary measures to prevent and control of measles in schools include enhancing measles surveillance system, administering entry immunization among children, timely revaceination and improving the immunization coverage rate of two close injection of measles.