中国电影巨片生产的历史足迹

The Historical Footprint of China's Film Blockbuster Production

"巨片"、"大片"的出现及其概念的产生,最早可以追溯到美国好莱坞20世纪70年代中期甚至之前更早的历史。《宾虚传》、《音乐之声》、《埃及艳后》等影片在20世纪五六十年代的出现,是好莱坞针对派拉蒙案判决之后电影环境的变化以及为实现与全民普及了的电视进行竞争的策略性产物,并由此奠定了宽银幕、立体声、高投资、大场面和超级明星演绎的超级奇观的大片模式。至70年代中期,伴随着市场营销以及数字化技术在电影产业中的愈益重要,一种被贾斯汀.怀亚特称之为"高概念"的电影出现了。从此,一种"大投入、大制作、大营销、大市场"的商业运作模式被明确确定下来,并在《大白鲨》、《星球大战》、《侏罗纪公园》等一系列"高概念"影片中被发扬光大。在中国,电影巨片的生产也是中国电影工业系统中的核心与关键。在经过20世纪五六十年代的起步阶段、20世纪90年代全方位发展阶段、新世纪国际化运作阶段和主流文化新发展阶段四个时期之后,中国电影巨片的生产创作已日渐壮大并取得了辉煌的业绩。但与好莱坞"高概念"大片相比,大营销的不足与高科技的缺失是制约中国巨片发展的两个重要因素。中国电影巨片的未来,必须重视核心价值观的确立,多元化、多类型建设以及数字化高科技的应用开发等等。

The emergence of the ＂ blockbuster＂ or ＂ big film＂ and the birth of these two concepts can be traced back to the History of Hollywood in the mid-70s of the 20th century, or even earlier. After the Paramount Case was decided, the environment of film production changed a lot. Facing this situation as well as the universal coverage of the TV, Hollywood produced such films as ＂Ben-Hut＂ , ＂The Sound of Music＂ and ＂ Cleopatra＂ in 1950s and 1960s, which were strategic products to compete, thus establishing a blockbuster pattern that is char- acteristic of wide screen, stereo, high investment, grand scene and superstars. Up to the mid-70s, with the increasing importance of marketing and digital technology in the film industry, a film called the ＂high concept＂ by Justin Wyatt appeared. Since that, a commercial operation mode of the ＂ big investment, big production, big marketing and big market＂ was determined, and was carried forward in such films of the ＂ high concept＂ as＂ Jaws＂ , ＂Star Wars＂ and ＂Jurassic Park＂. In China, the production of blockbusters is also vital for the system of the Chinese film industry. After a period of four phases, that is, the initiation in 1950s and 1960s, the all-round development in 1990s, the international operation in the new century and the new development of mainstream culture, the production of China＇s blockbusters has been steadily increasing and achieved excellent results. But, compared with Hollywood＇s blockbusters of the ＂high concept＂ , the insufficiency of the ＂big marketing＂ and the lack of high technique are two important factors constraining the development of China＇s blockbusters. In the future, it is necessary for China＇s blockbusters to attach importance to the establishment of core values, the diversified, muhi-type construction, and the application and development of digital high-tech.