作物杂种优势遗传研究进展

Progress in genetics of crop heterosis

杂种优势已经在许多作物上广泛应用,但对杂种遗传基础的认识仍显不足。显性和超显性假说是传播最广的两种学术观点,也得到一些DNA分子标记研究结果的支持。现在已经明确杂种优势是由多个基因共同控制的,基因位点间的上位性互作发挥了重要作用,存在控制杂种优势的遗传网络。这些研究将为有效预测杂种优势和利用分子设计更好地利用杂种优势奠定了良好基础。

Heterosis is widely applied in a lot of crops. However, the genetic basis of heterosis remains unclear. Two dominant hypotheses of heterosis, dominance and over-dominance, were widely known,and both supported by studies of DNA markers on crop heterosis. It is well known that the heterosis is controlled by multiple genes, the epistatie interaction among those loci plays an important role. The genetic network of crop heterosis arised from the gene epistatic interaction was identified. The progress of crop heterosis genetic basis will lay a good foundation in heterosis prediction and better utilization of heterosis by molecular design.